Senate Committee on the Judiciary Schedules Hearing on FOIA

The Senate Committee on the Judiciary announced today that it will be holding a hearing on March 13, 2012 at 10:30 am in the Dirksen Senate Office Building on "The Freedom of Information Act: Safeguarding Critical Infrastructure Information and the Public's Right to Know." A list of expected witnesses has not yet been published.

It appears that this hearing will be simulcast over the Internet, so please check back on the Senate's hearing announcement as the date gets closer for more details and a link to the simulcast.

SOPA – Dying on the Vine?

I, for one, hope not. While we in the intellectual property law community may differ as to the best method to combat foreign online counterfeiting and piracy, the basic fact is that this type of theft is not currently enforceable using existing U.S. law. The conduct itself is illegal under the Lanham Act (15 U.S.C. § 1116(d)) and the Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. §§ 501, 512, 1201), and rights holders today can enforce these rights against U.S. based infringers. However, obtaining jurisdiction over a foreign entity is the challenge that bills like SOPA, PROTECT IP and OPEN are aiming to address.

In light of the online protests – in the form of site blackouts – that occurred on January 18, 2012, both the Senate and the House have tabled their bills pending additional communications with the technology community to find solutions that the community can support. (Note that the OPEN Act is proceeding under a different format – and appears to be continuing on its path to a vote.)

PROTECT IP Act – Current Status

The Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act of 2011 ("The PROTECT IP Act") (S. 968) had been scheduled for cloture (see prior post explaining process) on January 24, 2012. Sen. Harry Reid has confirmed that the vote has been postponed. A new date has not yet been set.

In announcing the postponement, Sen. Reid made the following statement (emphasis added):

"In light of recent events, I have decided to postpone Tuesday's vote on the PROTECT I.P. Act.

    There is no reason that the legitimate issues raised by many about this bill cannot be resolved. Counterfeiting and piracy cost the American economy billions of dollars and thousands of jobs each year, with the movie industry alone supporting over 2.2 million jobs. We must take action to stop these illegal practices. We live in a country where people rightfully expect to be fairly compensated for a day's work, whether that person is a miner in the high desert of Nevada, an independent band in New York City, or a union worker on the back lots of a California movie studio.

    I admire the work that Chairman Leahy has put into this bill. I encourage him to continue engaging with all stakeholders to forge a balance between protecting Americans' intellectual property, and maintaining openness and innovation on the internet. We made good progress through the discussions we've held in recent days, and I am optimistic that we can reach a compromise in the coming weeks." (Jan. 20, 2012)

Sen. Leahy issued several public statements just before – and in the wake of – the Jan. 18 protests:

• Dec. 17: Comment of Senator Patrick Leahy on Senate Consideration of the PROTECT IP Act
• Jan. 12: Comment of Senator Patrick Leahy on Internet Service Providers and the PROTECT IP Act
• Jan. 13: Leahy: Senate Should Debate How To Fight Online Infringement
• Jan. 17: Comment of Senator Patrick Leahy on the PROTECT IP Act
• Jan. 18: The PROTECT IP Act: Targeting Websites DEDICATED to Infringement
• Jan. 19 (not exactly on the PROTECT IP Act, but related): Comment of Senator Patrick Leahy on DOJ's Action Against MegaUpload.com and Online Infringement
  
• Jan. 20: Comment of Senator Patrick Leahy on Postponement of The Vote on Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to the PROTECT IP Act
  
• Jan. 23: Leahy: Senate Should Focus On Stopping Online Theft That Undercuts Economic Recovery, and in particular said:
  "Rogue websites, primarily based overseas, are stealing American property, harming American consumers, hurting the American economic recovery and costing us American jobs. Stealing and counterfeiting are wrong. They are harmful. The Institute for Policy Innovation estimates that copyright infringement alone costs more than $50 billion a year, and the sale of counterfeits online is estimated to be several times more costly. The AFL-CIO estimates that hundreds of thousands of jobs are lost to these forms of theft.
      And this is not just an economic and jobs problem for Americans. This is a consumer safety issue. According to a study released earlier this year, a couple dozen websites selling counterfeit prescription drugs had more than 141,000 visits per day, on average. Counterfeit medication, brake linings and other products threaten Americans' safety. These are serious concerns. These are the concerns I have kept in mind over the last several years as I have worked with Senators on both sides of the aisle to help resolve these serious problems."
  * * *
  "At the end of the day, this debate boils down to a simple question. Should Americans and American companies profit from what they produce and be able to provide American jobs, or do we want to continue to let thieves operating overseas steal that property and sell it to unsuspecting American consumers? I hope that in the coming days the Senate will focus on stopping that theft that is undercutting our economic recovery. I remain committed to confronting this problem."

SOPA – Current Status

The Stop Online Piracy Act ("SOPA") (H.R. 3261) was the bill most clearly targeted by media coverage and the Internet blackouts in the last few days. The bill is currently on hold, and no hearings are currently scheduled to finish the markup process, in which a Manager's Amendment had been proposed, followed by several amendments to it. The amendments would have modified the Manager's Amendment, which would then be introduced formally as a new version of SOPA.

Rep. Lamar Smith, Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, similarly issued several press releases on SOPA recently that explain further the progress of this bill through the Committee:

• Dec. 15: SOPA Has Strong Support
• Dec. 16: Markup Shows Strong Support for SOPA
• Jan. 13: Smith to Remove DNS Blocking from SOPA
• Jan. 14: SOPA Meets White House Requirements
• Jan. 17: Stop Online Piracy Act Markup to Resume in February
• Jan. 19: OPEN Act Increases Bureaucracy, Won't Stop IP Theft
• Jan. 20: Statement from Chairman Smith on Senate Delay of Vote on PROTECT IP Act, in which he said:
  "The problem of online piracy is too big to ignore. American intellectual property industries provide 19 million high-paying jobs and account for more than 60 percent of U.S. exports. The theft of America's intellectual property costs the U.S. economy more than $100 billion annually and results in the loss of thousands of American jobs.  Congress cannot stand by and do nothing while American innovators and job creators are under attack. 
      The online theft of American intellectual property is no different than the theft of products from a store.  It is illegal and the law should be enforced both in the store and online.
      The Committee will continue work with copyright owners, Internet companies, financial institutions to develop proposals that combat online piracy and protect America's intellectual property.  We welcome input from all organizations and individuals who have an honest difference of opinion about how best to address this widespread problem.  The Committee remains committed to finding a solution to the problem of online piracy that protects American intellectual property and innovation.
      The House Judiciary Committee will postpone consideration of the legislation until there is wider agreement on a solution."

The House Committee on the Judiciary maintained an Issues page on its web site focusing on rogue websites. Among other things, the website contains an article entitled, "Dispelling the Myths Surrounding SOPA," which provides a cogent summary of the arguments in favor of the SOPA bill.

 OPEN Act – Current Status

The Online Protection and Enforcement of Digital Trade Act ("the OPEN Act") was introduced in the Senate by Senator Wyden on December 17, 2011 as S. 2029. A nearly identical version (with minor changes) was introduced by Rep. Issa in the House on January 18, 2011 as H.R. 3782. At present, the bills have been referred to committees for further consideration. The House bill has been "[r]eferred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned." Status Report for H.R. 3782.

Most recently, Sen. Wyden made the following public statements:

• Jan. 12: Wyden Statement on Potential Modifications to Protect IP Act
• Jan. 13: Wyden Statement on the Letter to Senator Reid Calling for More Time to Consider PIPA and Dropping of DNS Provision in SOPA
• Jan. 20: Wyden and Moran Respond to the Postponing of Protect IP Vote in the Senate

Similarly, Rep. Issa, the Chairman of the House Oversight Committee, has issued a few public statements, but the OPEN Act was only introduced in the House six days ago, leaving him little time to comment in the interim:

• Jan. 18: Issa Introduces the OPEN Act
• Jan. 18: #SOPA & #PIPA Website Blackouts, including the following notation:
  "The Oversight Committee had originally scheduled a hearing on DNS blocking for today. The hearing was postponed after assurances from Leader Cantor and the removal of DNS blocking provisions from SOPA were made. Even with this alteration, Chairman Issa continues to oppose SOPA as well as PIPA."
• Jan. 20: Retreat of Protect IP Act (PIPA) and Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)

CONCLUSIONS

It appears, therefore, that the debate about the right mechanism to combat foreign online piracy and counterfeiting is not completely off the table, although it is hard to imagine the PROTECT IP Act or SOPA proceeding unaltered. Any debate on the issue – regardless of what bill is associated with the debate – will raise questions of effectiveness of the solution, ability to enforce the bill, if enacted, against foreign entities, and whether there is unintended harm that must be avoided. At base, however, this is a problem that warrants a legislative solution.

Reassignment of Judge for Google Book Settlement?

On April 22, 2010, the U.S. Senate unanimously confirmed The Honorable Denny Chin (currently sitting in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York) to fill a vacancy on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Below is the summary of the legislative action related to his nomination and confirmation:

Nomination: PN1O6O-111

Date Received: October 06, 2009 (111th Congress)
Nominee: Denny Chin, of New York, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit, vice Robert D. Sack, retired.
Referred to: Senate Judiciary
Reported by: Senate Judiciary

Legislative Actions
Floor Action: October 06, 2009 - Received in the Senate and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Committee Action: November 18, 2009 - Committee on the Judiciary. Hearings held.
Committee Action: December 10, 2009 - Committee on the Judiciary. Ordered to be reported favorably.
Floor Action: December 10, 2009 - Reported by Senator Leahy, Committee on the Judiciary, without printed report.
Floor Action: December 10, 2009 - Placed on Senate Executive Calendar. Calendar No. 607.
Floor Action: April 15, 2010 - By unanimous consent agreement, the Senate proceed to executive session to consider nomination.
Floor Action: April 15, 2010 - Cloture motion presented In Senate.
Floor Action: April 20, 2010 - Cloture motion withdrawn by unanimous consent In Senate.
Floor Action: April 20, 2010 - By unanimous consent agreement, debate and vote 4-20-10.
Floor Action: April 22, 2010 - Considered by Senate pursuant to an order of April 20, 1010.
Floor Action: April 22, 2010 - By unanimous consent agreement, vote at 12 noon.
Floor Action: April 22, 2010 - Confirmed by the Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 98 - 0. Record vote Number: 123.

Organization: The Judiciary
Control Number: 111PN0106000

Source: THOMAS (Library of Congress) (Screen clipping taken: 5/7/2010, 3:44 PM)

(Many times, links to the URL for the search results in the Library of Congress's Thomas site end up not working, so I copied the text and provide it above.) The Congressional Record shows a report of the confirmation here (bottom right of the page).

The Wall Street Journal published a brief bio of Judge Chin when he was nominated in the Fall of 2009, noting that he is best known for "sentencing convicted Ponzi-scheme operator Bernard Madoff to 150 years in prison" earlier in 2009. See also, Benjamin Weiser, "Senate Confirms Federal District Judge for Appeals Court," The New York Times, City Room (Apr. 22, 2010).

This confirmation is particularly interesting because Judge Chin currently presides over the Google Book Settlement case (Author's Guild v. Google), which I've blogged about in the past. (Prior blog posts can be found archived together.) I have not found any information about when Judge Chin's term begins on the Second Circuit, but note that he is currently listed as an active judge on the Second Circuit, effective 4/23/2010.

It remains to be seen who will be assigned to the Google Book Settlement once Judge Chin formally takes up his position as a judge of the Second Circuit, but the change will undoubtedly prove to be very interesting and may have a noticeable impact on the proceedings.